The suggested mark is a cautious word match, not an official mark. Accept scientifically equivalent wording when you self-mark, as an examiner would.
0 of 16 questions marked.
Earlier foundation: B1.4 Specialised cells
16 questions · 87 marks, in lesson order.
Characteristics of living organisms
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A probe detects movement and carbon dioxide production in a sample from beneath Antarctic ice.
Explain why each observation may have a cause other than life.
(2)Evaluate whether the sample contains living organisms, and suggest further tests.
(3)Total for this question: 5 marks
Characteristics of living organisms
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Viruses contain genetic material inside a protein coat. They can only reproduce inside a living host cell. They do not respire, feed or grow outside a cell.
Use the characteristics of living organisms to give one argument that viruses are living and one argument that they are not.
(2)Viruses are not placed in any of the five kingdoms. Suggest why.
(1)Total for this question: 3 marks
The five kingdoms of life
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Fungi (such as yeast and moulds) are eukaryotes. Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Compare the cell structure of fungi and bacteria.
(4)Describe how fungi and bacteria obtain nutrients.
(2)Total for this question: 6 marks
The five kingdoms of life
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An amphibian, a bird, a mammal and a fish all have a backbone.
What word describes animals with a backbone?
(1)There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups are named above. Give the name of the missing group.
(1)The human backbone is made up of a number of small bones. Why is it an advantage that the backbone is made of a number of small bones rather than one long bone?
(1)Between the small bones there is a material called cartilage. Cartilage is softer than bone. Give one advantage of having a softer material between the bones.
(1)The biceps and triceps are muscles which raise and lower the forearm. What happens to the biceps and the triceps to raise the forearm?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
The five kingdoms of life
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Six living things spend all or part of their time in water: A tadpole, B trout, C duck, D crocodile, E water vole and F frog.
Give the letter of one living thing that uses gills to take in oxygen.
(1)letter:
Give the letter of one living thing that is covered in scales.
(1)letter:
The trout, duck, crocodile, water vole and frog are all called vertebrates. Which word completes the sentence: “They are vertebrates because they have ___.”
(1)The trout spends all of its time in water. Give one way the trout is suited for moving in water.
(1)Choose the group that each animal belongs to.
(2)Total for this question: 6 marks
The five kingdoms of life
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An otter is a mammal that lives by rivers.
Give one feature that only mammals have.
(1)Give one way an otter is suited for swimming.
(1)Otter cubs are born in a burrow under the ground. How does this help the otter cubs survive?
(1)Why must the burrow be above the level of the water in the river?
(1)Otters catch fish and birds for food. Which word describes an otter?
(1)Insects eat plants. Birds and fish eat insects. Otters eat fish and birds. Complete the food web. Choose what goes in box P and box Q.
(1)What goes in boxes R and S?
(1)R: S:
In the 1960s, the number of otters in England decreased. To increase otter numbers, scientists released otters in pairs (one male and one female). Why were the otters released in pairs?
(1)Total for this question: 8 marks
Cells and organelles
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Palisade mesophyll cells carry out most of the photosynthesis in a leaf.
Explain how a palisade cell is adapted to absorb light.
(2)Explain how the cell exchanges substances with the rest of the leaf.
(3)Total for this question: 5 marks
Cells and organelles
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A cell has a cell wall, a nucleus, chloroplasts and a large permanent vacuole.
What type of cell is this?
(1)Give the function of the chloroplasts and of the cell wall.
(2)Muscle cells and root hair cells both contain many mitochondria. Suggest why.
(2)Total for this question: 5 marks
Specialised cells
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A mature red blood cell is specialised to transport oxygen.
Explain how the structure of a red blood cell is adapted for oxygen transport.
(5)State one consequence of the cell having no nucleus.
(1)Total for this question: 6 marks
Organ systems
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The small intestine is an organ in the digestive system.
Explain why the small intestine is described as an organ.
(2)Explain how it works with other organ systems to supply respiring cells.
(3)Total for this question: 5 marks
Organ systems
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Organ systems work together in the body.
Choose the main function of each organ system.
(2)During exercise, the muscles work harder. Explain how the respiratory, circulatory and muscular systems work together during exercise.
(3)Total for this question: 5 marks
Diffusion in living systems
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Oxygen passes from the air in the alveoli into the blood.
Explain how oxygen moves into the blood and how the alveoli are adapted.
(3)Explain how a steep concentration gradient is maintained.
(3)Total for this question: 6 marks
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