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Earlier foundation: P3.1 Speed
20 questions · 104 marks, in lesson order.
Scalar and vector quantities
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A car travels around a bend at a constant speed.
State the difference between speed and velocity.
(2)Explain why the car is accelerating.
(2)Total for this question: 4 marks
Scalar and vector quantities
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Some quantities are vectors and some are scalars.
Sort these quantities into vectors and scalars.
(2)A runner runs one lap of a 400 m track in 80 s. A pupil says her average velocity is 5 m/s. Explain why this is wrong.
(2)Total for this question: 4 marks
Resultant forces and Newton’s first law
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The same resultant force acts on an empty trolley and a loaded trolley. The loaded trolley accelerates less.
State the equation linking force, mass and acceleration, and rearrange it for acceleration.
(2)Explain why the loaded trolley accelerates less.
(3)Total for this question: 5 marks
Weight, mass and gravity
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A rover has a mass of 240 kg. On Mars, g = 3.7 N/kg.
Calculate the weight of the rover on Mars. Show your working.
(3)What is the mass of the rover on Earth?
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Weight, mass and gravity
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The table shows the mass and weight of four objects on different planets.
| planet | mass of object / kg | weight of object / N |
|---|---|---|
| Earth | 4 | 40 |
| Mars | 6 | 24 |
| Jupiter | 2 | 50 |
| Venus | 4 | 36 |
On which of the four planets is the object with the largest mass?
(1)How can you tell, from the table, that gravity is greater on Earth than on Venus?
(1)Gravity is less on the Moon than on the Earth. Compare the weight and mass of an astronaut on the Moon with the astronaut on the Earth.
(2)| planet | distance from the Sun / million km | time to orbit the Sun / Earth-years |
|---|---|---|
| Venus | 110 | 0.6 |
| Earth | 150 | 1.0 |
| Mars | 230 | ? |
| Jupiter | 780 | 12.0 |
| Saturn | 1400 | 30.0 |
How does the time for a planet to orbit the Sun change with its distance from the Sun?
(1)Use information in the table to estimate the time for Mars to orbit the Sun.
(1)The diagram shows the path of a comet around the Sun. At which position, A, B, C or D, is the comet travelling the fastest?
(1)Total for this question: 7 marks
Weight, mass and gravity
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Russell investigated the relationship between mass and weight. He weighed five different masses using a force meter.
| mass / g | weight / N |
|---|---|
| 150 | 1.5 |
| 250 | 2.5 |
| 300 | 3.8 |
| 400 | 4.0 |
| 580 | 5.8 |
He plotted four of his results on the graph. Where should the point for the 150 g mass be plotted?
(1)Which line is the best line of best fit for Russell’s results?
(1)One of the results does not fit the pattern. Which one?
(1)Use the pattern in the results to predict the mass of an object weighing 6.5 N.
(1)Use the pattern to predict the weight of an object of mass 50 g.
(1)Give one reason why it is more useful to present the results as a line graph rather than a table.
(1)Total for this question: 6 marks
Hooke’s law: force and extension
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A student investigates how the extension of a spring varies with the force applied.
Describe how to set up the apparatus and take each reading.
(3)Describe how to process the readings and work safely.
(3)Total for this question: 6 marks
Hooke’s law: elastic behaviour
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A spring is loaded and then unloaded. A force–extension graph is plotted.
Describe what the loading graph shows.
(2)Explain how the unloading data show elastic or plastic behaviour.
(3)Total for this question: 5 marks
Hooke’s law: elastic behaviour
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A spring has a spring constant of 25 N/m.
Calculate the force needed to stretch it by 0.12 m. Use: force = spring constant × extension.
(2)Explain what is meant by the elastic limit of a spring.
(2)Beyond the limit of proportionality, F = ke cannot be used. Explain why.
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Speed, distance, time and acceleration
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A train slows from 25 m/s to 7 m/s in 12 s.
Calculate the acceleration of the train. Show your working.
(4)Explain what the sign of your answer shows.
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Investigating motion
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A student times a trolley rolling 20 cm down a ramp with a handheld stopwatch, one trial at each ramp height.
Evaluate the method. Identify the weaknesses.
(3)Suggest improvements.
(3)Total for this question: 6 marks
Investigating motion
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A trolley accelerated down a ramp. Two light gates recorded its speed as 0.40 m/s and then 1.20 m/s, 0.50 s apart. (Illustrative data.)
Calculate the acceleration of the trolley. Use: acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time.
(2)Give two reasons why light gates are better than a stopwatch for this experiment.
(2)The ramp is made steeper. What happens to the acceleration of the trolley?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
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