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44 questions · 214 marks, in lesson order.
Introduction to forces
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A box is pushed with a force of 45 N to the right. A force of 18 N acts on it to the left.
Calculate the size of the resultant force.
(2)State the direction of the resultant force and predict the change in the motion of the box.
(2)Total for this question: 4 marks
Introduction to forces
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Jo is hanging on a trapeze (swing) in a circus.
Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of Jo’s weight?
(1)Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of the force of the rope on Jo?
(1)Sara swings towards Jo, lets go of her own trapeze, and Jo catches her. Now Sara hangs from Jo. What happens to the downward force on the rope of Jo’s trapeze?
(1)Explain your answer.
(1)Jo lets go of the trapeze and both Sara and Jo fall into a safety net. What happens to the downward force on the rope when Jo lets go?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Squashing and stretching
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Two springs are pulled with the same force. Spring X stretches 2 cm and goes back to its starting length. Spring Y stretches 5 cm and stays 1 cm longer after the force is removed. Answer the parts to compare them.
Which spring is stiffer (stretches less)? Give the evidence.
(1)Which spring is elastic? Give the evidence.
(1)Spring Y stretches more. What does this tell you about how stiff Y is?
(1)Spring Y stays 1 cm longer. What has happened to it?
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Squashing and stretching
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Tom is doing a bungee jump from a bridge. He is attached to one end of an elastic rope; the other end is attached to the bridge.
What force makes Tom fall towards the ground?
(1)Tom does not hit the river below the bridge. What makes him stop falling?
(1)Jill jumps next. She weighs less than Tom. How far will the rope stretch when Jill jumps, compared with when Tom jumped?
(1)Jill’s dad is standing a long way from the bridge. Jill shouts “bungee” at the moment she jumps. Her dad sees her jump before he hears the shout. Why?
(1)Tom is near Jill when she shouts; her dad is far away. How will the shout sound to Tom, compared with her dad?
(1)What part of Tom’s ear vibrates when he hears Jill shout?
(1)Total for this question: 6 marks
Squashing and stretching: springs
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A spring is 7.5 cm long. With a 3 N weight hanging from it, it is 10.8 cm long.
Calculate the extension of the spring.
(2)A student says this one reading proves Hooke’s law. Explain whether they are right.
(2)Total for this question: 4 marks
Squashing and stretching: springs
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Jo hung weights on a spring and measured its length each time. (Illustrative data.)
| force / N | length / cm | extension / cm |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4.0 | 0 |
| 3 | 7.0 | |
| 6 | 10.0 | 6.0 |
| 9 | 14.5 | 10.5 |
Calculate the extension of the spring with a force of 3 N.
(1)Jo says: “The extension is proportional to the force all the way up to 9 N.” Use the numbers in the table to show that she is wrong.
(2)After the 9 N reading, Jo took all the weights off. The spring was now 5.2 cm long. What does this tell you about the spring?
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Drag forces and friction
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A person is walking forwards. Answer the parts to explain how friction helps.
Which way does the foot push on the ground?
(1)What pushes back on the foot?
(1)Which way does friction push the foot?
(1)What does this let the person do?
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Drag forces and friction
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Anil sits on a mat at the top of a helter-skelter, then slides down a chute that spirals around the outside of the tower, from point A near the top to point B near the bottom.
Name two of the forces acting on Anil as he slides from A to B.
(2)As Anil slides from A to B, the forces on him are balanced. Which describes his speed?
(1)On his second go Anil sits on a smooth cushion instead of the mat. He goes much faster. Give the reason.
(1)On his third go Anil lies back on the cushion with his arms by his sides. What happens to his speed? Give the reason.
(2)Total for this question: 6 marks
Drag forces and friction
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Sally pulls a sledge across the snow with a rope. Force F is the friction between the sledge and the snow. Arrows P, Q, S and T show possible forces on the sledge.
Which arrow shows the direction of the force of the rope on the sledge?
(1)Which arrow shows the direction of the force of gravity on the sledge?
(1)Sally then pulled the sledge over a concrete path. Friction is less on snow than on concrete. Give the reason.
(1)Total for this question: 3 marks
Air resistance and egg drop
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A skydiver is falling at a steady speed. Then they open their parachute. Answer the parts to explain what happens.
What happens to air resistance (drag) when the parachute opens?
(1)Which force is now bigger: drag or weight?
(1)So what happens to the skydiver’s speed?
(1)As the skydiver slows down, what happens to drag?
(1)What happens when drag equals weight again?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Air resistance and egg drop
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A class dropped paper parachutes from a height of 2 m and timed how long each one took to reach the floor. They tested canopies of two different areas, three times each. (Illustrative data.)
| canopy area / cm² | test 1 / s | test 2 / s | test 3 / s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
| 400 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.0 |
Which is the dependent variable in this investigation?
(1)Which result is anomalous?
(1)What should the class do about the anomalous result?
(1)Explain, in terms of forces, why the parachute with the larger canopy takes longer to fall.
(2)Total for this question: 5 marks
Air resistance and egg drop: improving a design
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Three drop tests of paper-helicopter design B gave fall times of 2.5 s, 2.6 s and 1.2 s. Answer the parts to evaluate the results.
Which two times are close together?
(1)Which time is the anomaly (odd result)?
(1)Suggest one mistake that could have caused the odd result.
(1)What should the student do next?
(1)Finish the sentence: “Design B looks … but …”
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
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