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Year 7 foundation: WS.2 Laboratory equipment
38 questions · 181 marks, in lesson order.
Waves
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Waves can be transverse or longitudinal.
Compare transverse and longitudinal waves. Include what they transfer and the direction of the vibrations.
(3)Give one example of each type of wave.
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Waves
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Satish poured water into a tank 1.5 m long and used a plunger at one end to make a wave.
The wave travelled to the other end of the tank at 2 m/s. How long did it take?
(1)Satish wants to find out how the depth of the water affects the speed of the waves. Write a plan for his investigation.
(3)Sea-wave data show speeds of 9.9, 14.0, 17.2 and 19.8 m/s at depths of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m. Between A and B the sea gets shallower; between B and C the depth stays the same. How does the speed of a wave change over each stretch?
(2)Total for this question: 6 marks
Sound and energy transfer
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A loudspeaker plays a sound that is picked up by a microphone across the room.
Explain how the sound travels from the loudspeaker to the microphone.
(3)Explain why sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Sound and energy transfer
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Spies can listen to a conversation in a room by shining a laser beam at the window. The beam reflects off the window onto a detector screen. Sound in the room makes the window vibrate, which moves the reflected beam.
The laser beam hits the window at an angle of incidence of 30°. At what angle of reflection does it leave the window?
(1)Which way should the arrows on the drawn beam point?
(1)How does the sound of the people talking reach the window?
(1)What happens to the reflected laser beam when the window vibrates?
(1)The trace shows the sound of one person talking. Another person speaks with a higher pitch and more quietly. Which trace, A, B, C or D, shows this sound?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Sound and energy transfer
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A loudspeaker plays a note. A candle flame in front of it flickers.
Explain how energy is transferred from the loudspeaker to the flame.
(2)The volume is turned up. Predict what happens to the flame, and explain why.
(1)The speaker is put in a vacuum, with the flame outside. Explain why the flame would not flicker.
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Amplitude and frequency
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Trace X has twice the amplitude of trace Y. Both show six cycles in the same time.
Compare the loudness of the two sounds.
(2)Compare the pitch of the two sounds.
(2)Total for this question: 4 marks
Amplitude and frequency
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Lee made tubes by rolling up paper. He blew across the top of each tube to make a sound. He wanted to find out how the length of a tube affects the pitch of the note.
Which instrument should Lee use to measure the length of each tube?
(1)Lee rolled each tube by hand from a different sheet of paper, and he blew across each one himself. Give one way his test might not have been fair.
(1)Which prediction about length and pitch should Lee test?
(1)Lee tested tubes 5 cm, 25 cm and 50 cm long. Which tube gave the highest note?
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Amplitude and frequency
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The dotar is a musical instrument with two strings. Aftal plucks the strings to play it.
Aftal plays the dotar very quietly. What must he do to the strings to make a louder sound?
(1)Aftal makes the strings tighter so they vibrate more quickly. How does this affect the sound?
(1)One string is thicker than the other, so it vibrates more slowly. How is the sound from the thicker string different?
(1)The diagram shows oscilloscope traces of four sounds from the dotar. How does the sound in trace A differ from the sound in trace B?
(1)How does the sound in trace A differ from the sound in trace C?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Amplitude and frequency
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The diagram shows the patterns produced on an oscilloscope by three different sound waves.
Which two waves have the same loudness, and how do the diagrams show this?
(1)Which two waves have the same pitch, and how do the diagrams show this?
(1)Shuli listens to a sound that makes the pattern shown. Describe how the sound she hears changes between X and Y.
(1)| sound level / decibels | maximum time / hours |
|---|---|
| 86 | 8 |
| 88 | 4 |
| 90 | 2 |
| 92 | 1 |
| 94 | 0.5 |
The table shows the maximum time a person can listen to music at each sound level without damage to the ear. Estimate the maximum time for a sound of 87 decibels.
(1)What happens to the eardrum as a sound gets louder?
(1)Total for this question: 5 marks
Detecting sound
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Sound enters the ear and is turned into a signal that goes to the brain.
Describe the route of the sound from outside the ear to the inner ear.
(3)Explain how the inner ear produces a signal in the nerve.
(2)Total for this question: 5 marks
Detecting sound
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Sound travels into the ear and makes the eardrum move.
| animal | lowest frequency / Hz | highest frequency / Hz |
|---|---|---|
| human | 20 | 20 000 |
| sparrow | 300 | 20 000 |
| dog | 20 | 45 000 |
| cat | 20 | 64 000 |
| rabbit | 300 | 42 000 |
What does the eardrum do when a sound reaches it?
(1)Wax can build up in the ear canal, against the eardrum. Suggest why this can make a person slightly deaf.
(1)The table shows the hearing ranges of five animals. Which animals cannot hear a sound of 43 000 Hz? Tick all the correct boxes.
(1)Which animal can hear the widest range of frequencies?
(1)Total for this question: 4 marks
Detecting sound
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John investigated which material is best for sound-proofing. He put a ringing bell inside a box, covered the bell with each material in turn, and used a sound sensor outside the box to record the sound level.
| material | sound level / decibels |
|---|---|
| no material added | 65 |
| A | 40 |
| B | 58 |
| C | 50 |
| D | 35 |
How tall should the bar for material A be?
(1)How many types of material did John test?
(1)Which material was best at stopping the sound going through?
(1)Which two things should John do to make his test fair? Tick two boxes.
(2)Total for this question: 5 marks
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