Steps of natural selection?
Reveal answer
Variation → competition → best adapted survive → reproduce → alleles passed on → more common.
Key words: variation · reproduce
4(b) INHERITANCE · RECALL
4.38 Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection
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Who proposed natural selection?
Reveal answer
Charles Darwin.
Key words: Darwin
Peppered moth example?
Reveal answer
Sooty bark → dark moths camouflaged → survive → dark allele increases.
Key words: camouflaged
What is evolution?
Reveal answer
Change in inherited features of a population over time.
Key words: population
Where does new variation come from?
Reveal answer
Mutation.
Key words: mutation
Why can't an individual evolve?
Reveal answer
Evolution is a population change across generations.
Key words: generations
Evidence for evolution from rocks?
Reveal answer
Fossils.
Key words: fossils
What is meant by the term natural selection?
Reveal answer
Differential survival and reproduction causing heritable variants to change frequency over generations.
Key words: natural selection
What is meant by the term selection pressure?
Reveal answer
Environmental factor affecting survival or reproductive success.
Key words: selection pressure
What is meant by the term allele frequency?
Reveal answer
Proportion of a particular allele in a population.
Key words: allele frequency
Natural-selection logic, Variation. Population event? What does not happen?
Reveal answer
Population event: Individuals differ in inherited traits. What does not happen: Need does not create tailored alleles.
Key words: Variation
Natural-selection logic, Selection pressure. Population event? What does not happen?
Reveal answer
Population event: Environment affects survival/reproduction. What does not happen: Environment does not choose intentionally.
Key words: Selection pressure
Natural-selection logic, Differential success. Population event? What does not happen?
Reveal answer
Population event: Some leave more offspring. What does not happen: Individuals do not change their genes to adapt.
Key words: Differential success
Natural-selection logic, Inheritance. Population event? What does not happen?
Reveal answer
Population event: Advantage alleles pass to descendants. What does not happen: Acquired traits are not automatically inherited.
Key words: Inheritance
Natural-selection logic, Generations. Population event? What does not happen?
Reveal answer
Population event: Allele frequency changes. What does not happen: One individual does not evolve.
Key words: Generations
True or false, and why? “Animals mutate because they need to adapt.”
Reveal answer
False. Mutations are not produced to meet need; selection favours existing variants.
True or false, and why? “The strongest individual always evolves.”
Reveal answer
False. Evolution is population allele-frequency change, not individual transformation.
True or false, and why? “An adaptation is always beneficial.”
Reveal answer
False. Its advantage depends on a particular environment.