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Question 1 of 10: The graphs show how the pressure and volume of blood in the left ventricle change during the cardiac cycle. (a) Which letter indicates when the atrioventricular (mitral) valves close? (1) A P B Q C R D S (b) Calculate the time for one cardiac cycle. (1) (c) The volume of blood in the left ventricle changes during the cardiac cycle. Explain these changes.

011.85 marks

Cardiac cycle and heart structure

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The graphs show how the pressure and volume of blood in the left ventricle change during the cardiac cycle.

Two line graphs sharing a time axis from 0 to 0.9 seconds. Top: left-ventricle pressure stays low, has a small rise, then climbs steeply to 16 kPa and falls, starting again at about 0.74 s. Four points are labelled: R at the foot of the steep rise, P part way up the steep rise, Q on the steep fall and S at the bottom of the fall. Bottom: volume rises to 130 cm³, stays level, falls to 60 cm³, stays level, then rises again.0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.90481216PQRSPressure / kPa0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9406080100120140Time / sVolume / cm3
Pressure (top) and volume (bottom) of blood in the left ventricle, on the same time axis. Illustrative data. P, Q, R and S mark points on the pressure curve.
(a)

Which letter indicates when the atrioventricular (mitral) valves close?

(1)
Choose one answer
(b)

Calculate the time for one cardiac cycle.

(1)
s
(c)

The volume of blood in the left ventricle changes during the cardiac cycle. Explain these changes.

(3)

Total for this question: 5 marks

Lesson: 1B 4: The Mammalian Heart