What does oestrogen do to the uterus?
Reveal answer
Thickens / repairs the lining.
Key words: thickens
4(a) REPRODUCTION · RECALL
4.9 Oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle
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In the menstrual cycle, what is the job of progesterone?
Reveal answer
Maintains the uterus lining.
Key words: maintains
Why does menstruation happen?
Reveal answer
No fertilisation → progesterone falls → lining breaks down.
Key words: progesterone
On which day does ovulation happen in a 28-day cycle?
Reveal answer
Around day 14.
Key words: 14
What makes progesterone after ovulation?
Reveal answer
The corpus luteum.
Key words: corpus luteum
Why does progesterone stay high in pregnancy?
Reveal answer
Maintain lining → no menstruation → embryo stays implanted.
Key words: lining
What is meant by the term menstruation?
Reveal answer
Shedding of part of the uterine lining with blood and tissue.
Key words: menstruation
What is meant by the term endometrium?
Reveal answer
Inner lining of the uterus.
Key words: endometrium
What is meant by the term corpus luteum?
Reveal answer
Temporary ovarian structure formed from the follicle after ovulation.
Key words: corpus luteum
What is meant by the term menstrual cycle?
Reveal answer
Recurring ovarian and uterine changes coordinated by hormones.
Key words: menstrual cycle
Hormones and the uterine lining: for Menstruation, give the hormone pattern and the uterine effect.
Reveal answer
Hormone pattern: Oestrogen and progesterone low. Uterine effect: Part of lining is shed.
Key words: Menstruation
Hormones and the uterine lining: for Follicular phase, give the hormone pattern and the uterine effect.
Reveal answer
Hormone pattern: Oestrogen rises. Uterine effect: Lining repairs and thickens.
Key words: Follicular phase
Hormones and the uterine lining: for After ovulation, give the hormone pattern and the uterine effect.
Reveal answer
Hormone pattern: Progesterone rises. Uterine effect: Lining is maintained.
Key words: After ovulation
Hormones and the uterine lining: for No pregnancy, give the hormone pattern and the uterine effect.
Reveal answer
Hormone pattern: Progesterone and oestrogen fall. Uterine effect: Maintenance ends; menstruation begins.
Key words: No pregnancy
Hormones and the uterine lining: for Pregnancy, give the hormone pattern and the uterine effect.
Reveal answer
Hormone pattern: Progesterone remains elevated. Uterine effect: Lining is maintained.
Key words: Pregnancy
True or false, and why? “Menstruation is the release of an egg.”
Reveal answer
False. Ovulation releases an egg; menstruation sheds uterine lining.
True or false, and why? “Every cycle lasts exactly 28 days.”
Reveal answer
False. Length and timing vary naturally.
True or false, and why? “Progesterone creates the lining from nothing.”
Reveal answer
False. Oestrogen promotes rebuilding; progesterone mainly maintains and develops it after ovulation.