How does sweating cool?
Reveal answer
Sweat on skin → water evaporates → takes heat energy.
Key words: evaporates
3(j) CO-ORDINATION AND RESPONSE · RECALL
3.43 Skin and temperature regulation
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What is vasodilation?
Reveal answer
Arterioles near skin widen → more blood near surface → more heat lost.
Key words: arterioles
What is vasoconstriction?
Reveal answer
Arterioles near skin narrow → less blood near surface → less heat lost.
Key words: narrow
Which part of the brain controls body temperature?
Reveal answer
The hypothalamus.
Key words: hypothalamus
How does shivering warm you?
Reveal answer
Rapid muscle contractions → more respiration → heat released.
Key words: respiration
How do hairs reduce heat loss?
Reveal answer
Erector muscles contract → hairs stand up → trap insulating air.
Key words: air
What is the normal core body temperature?
Reveal answer
About 37 °C.
Key words: 37
What is meant by the term thermoregulation?
Reveal answer
Maintenance of core temperature within a suitable range.
Key words: thermoregulation
What is meant by the term vasodilation?
Reveal answer
Widening of arterioles to increase downstream blood flow.
Key words: vasodilation
What is meant by the term vasoconstriction?
Reveal answer
Narrowing of arterioles to reduce downstream blood flow.
Key words: vasoconstriction
What is meant by the term evaporation?
Reveal answer
Liquid-to-gas change requiring energy.
Key words: evaporation
Skin temperature responses, Too hot (More sweating). Effect?
Reveal answer
Evaporation increases heat loss.
Key words: Too hot
Skin temperature responses, Too hot (Skin arterioles dilate). Effect?
Reveal answer
More surface blood flow increases heat transfer.
Key words: Too hot
Skin temperature responses, Too cold (Sweating decreases). Effect?
Reveal answer
Less evaporative heat loss.
Key words: Too cold
Skin temperature responses, Too cold (Skin arterioles constrict). Effect?
Reveal answer
Less surface blood flow reduces heat transfer.
Key words: Too cold
True or false, and why? “Sweat cools simply because it is cold.”
Reveal answer
False. Evaporation removes thermal energy; unevaporated sweat cools less effectively.
True or false, and why? “Capillaries move nearer the skin.”
Reveal answer
False. Arteriolar diameter changes blood flow through existing capillary networks.
True or false, and why? “Shivering is a skin response.”
Reveal answer
False. It is rapid skeletal-muscle contraction that generates heat.