Name three risk factors for CHD.
Reveal answer
Saturated fat diet, smoking, lack of exercise (also stress, high blood pressure, genes).
Key words: smoking
3(h) TRANSPORT · RECALL
3.17 Risk factors for coronary heart disease
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How does saturated fat cause CHD?
Reveal answer
Blood cholesterol ↑ → fatty deposits narrow coronary arteries → less O₂ to heart muscle.
Key words: coronary · cholesterol
Why does a correlation not prove smoking causes CHD?
Reveal answer
Other factors may differ → need controlled studies or mechanism.
Key words: correlation
What is meant by the term atheroma?
Reveal answer
Fatty-inflammatory deposit within an arterial wall.
Key words: atheroma
What is meant by the term risk factor?
Reveal answer
Characteristic associated with increased probability of disease.
Key words: risk factor
What is meant by the term thrombosis?
Reveal answer
Formation of a clot within a blood vessel.
Key words: thrombosis
CHD risk factors: for Smoking, give the modifiable? and the possible link.
Reveal answer
Modifiable?: Yes. Possible link: Endothelial damage, clotting, reduced oxygen carriage.
Key words: Smoking
CHD risk factors: for High blood pressure, give the modifiable? and the possible link.
Reveal answer
Modifiable?: Often partly. Possible link: Arterial wall damage and cardiac workload.
Key words: High blood pressure
CHD risk factors: for High saturated-fat/energy diet, give the modifiable? and the possible link.
Reveal answer
Modifiable?: Yes. Possible link: Can raise LDL and promote obesity/plaque risk.
Key words: High saturated-fat/energy diet
CHD risk factors: for Physical inactivity, give the modifiable? and the possible link.
Reveal answer
Modifiable?: Yes. Possible link: Affects body mass, lipids, pressure and glucose control.
Key words: Physical inactivity
CHD risk factors: for Diabetes, give the modifiable? and the possible link.
Reveal answer
Modifiable?: Manageable. Possible link: High glucose damages vessels.
Key words: Diabetes
CHD risk factors: for Age/family history, give the modifiable? and the possible link.
Reveal answer
Modifiable?: No. Possible link: Accumulated exposure/inherited susceptibility.
Key words: Age/family history
True or false, and why? “One fatty meal blocks a coronary artery.”
Reveal answer
False. Atherosclerosis develops over time through multiple interacting processes.
True or false, and why? “Everyone with a risk factor develops CHD.”
Reveal answer
False. Risk changes probability, not certainty.
True or false, and why? “Only cholesterol matters.”
Reveal answer
False. Smoking, pressure, diabetes, inactivity, genetics and other factors contribute.