What do phagocytes do?
Reveal answer
Engulf and digest pathogens (phagocytosis).
Key words: engulf
3(h) TRANSPORT · RECALL
3.12 White blood cells and the immune response
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What do lymphocytes make?
Reveal answer
Antibodies.
Key words: antibodies
What is an antigen?
Reveal answer
A molecule on a pathogen surface that triggers an immune response.
Key words: antigen
How do antibodies work?
Reveal answer
Complementary to antigen → bind → clump pathogens → phagocytes engulf.
Key words: complementary · clump
Why is there a delay in the primary response?
Reveal answer
Lymphocyte must recognise antigen → divide → make antibody.
Key words: divide
Which white cells are non-specific?
Reveal answer
Phagocytes.
Key words: phagocytes
Why does an antibody protect against only one disease?
Reveal answer
Antibodies are specific → fit only one antigen shape.
Key words: specific
What is meant by the term phagocytosis?
Reveal answer
Engulfment and digestion of particles or pathogens by a cell.
Key words: phagocytosis
What is meant by the term antigen?
Reveal answer
Molecule recognised as foreign and able to trigger a specific immune response.
Key words: antigen
What is meant by the term antibody?
Reveal answer
Specific protein that binds a complementary antigen.
Key words: antibody
What is meant by the term lymphocyte?
Reveal answer
White blood cell involved in specific immune responses.
Key words: lymphocyte
Two white-cell responses: for Specificity, give the phagocyte and the lymphocyte/antibody response.
Reveal answer
Phagocyte: Broad/non-specific. Lymphocyte/antibody response: Antigen-specific.
Key words: Specificity
Two white-cell responses: for Action, give the phagocyte and the lymphocyte/antibody response.
Reveal answer
Phagocyte: Engulfs and digests. Lymphocyte/antibody response: Clonal division and antibody release.
Key words: Action
Two white-cell responses: for Main tool, give the phagocyte and the lymphocyte/antibody response.
Reveal answer
Phagocyte: Membrane and digestive enzymes. Lymphocyte/antibody response: Complementary receptor/antibody.
Key words: Main tool
Two white-cell responses: for Cooperation, give the phagocyte and the lymphocyte/antibody response.
Reveal answer
Phagocyte: Ingests antibody-marked targets. Lymphocyte/antibody response: Marks or neutralises targets.
Key words: Cooperation
True or false, and why? “Antibodies kill all pathogens directly.”
Reveal answer
False. They bind specific antigens and neutralise or mark targets; other mechanisms may destroy them.
True or false, and why? “Phagocytes make antibodies.”
Reveal answer
False. Antibodies are released by activated lymphocyte-derived plasma cells.
True or false, and why? “Every antibody fits every antigen.”
Reveal answer
False. Binding depends on complementary shape and chemistry.