Order the events of inhalation.
Reveal answer
- muscles contract
- ribs up and out, diaphragm flattens
- volume increases
- pressure decreases
- air enters
Key words: volume · pressure
2(g) GAS EXCHANGE · RECALL
2.47 Ventilation
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Inhalation vs exhalation: diaphragm, ribs, volume, pressure.
Reveal answer
In: diaphragm contracts/flattens, ribs up/out, volume up, pressure down. Out: diaphragm relaxes/domes, ribs down/in, volume down, pressure up.
Key words: volume · pressure
Do the lungs pull air in by themselves?
Reveal answer
No. Lungs have no muscle; changes in thorax volume and pressure move air.
Key words: pressure
What is ventilation?
Reveal answer
Moving air into and out of the lungs to keep concentration gradients steep.
Key words: concentration gradient
What is meant by the term inhalation?
Reveal answer
Movement of air into lungs.
Key words: inhalation
What is meant by the term exhalation?
Reveal answer
Movement of air out of lungs.
Key words: exhalation
What is meant by the term tidal volume?
Reveal answer
Volume of air moved in one normal breath.
Key words: tidal volume
What is meant by the term minute ventilation?
Reveal answer
Volume ventilated per minute: rate multiplied by tidal volume.
Key words: minute ventilation
Ventilation sequence: for Diaphragm, give the inhalation and the quiet exhalation.
Reveal answer
Inhalation: Contracts and flattens. Quiet exhalation: Relaxes and domes.
Key words: Diaphragm
Ventilation sequence: for External intercostals, give the inhalation and the quiet exhalation.
Reveal answer
Inhalation: Contract. Quiet exhalation: Relax.
Key words: External intercostals
Ventilation sequence: for Ribs, give the inhalation and the quiet exhalation.
Reveal answer
Inhalation: Up and out. Quiet exhalation: Down and in.
Key words: Ribs
Ventilation sequence: for Thoracic volume, give the inhalation and the quiet exhalation.
Reveal answer
Inhalation: Increases. Quiet exhalation: Decreases.
Key words: Thoracic volume
Ventilation sequence: for Lung pressure, give the inhalation and the quiet exhalation.
Reveal answer
Inhalation: Falls below atmospheric. Quiet exhalation: Rises above atmospheric.
Key words: Lung pressure
Ventilation sequence: for Airflow, give the inhalation and the quiet exhalation.
Reveal answer
Inhalation: Into lungs. Quiet exhalation: Out of lungs.
Key words: Airflow
True or false, and why? “The diaphragm contracts upward during inhalation.”
Reveal answer
False. It contracts and flattens downward.
True or false, and why? “Lungs pull air in themselves.”
Reveal answer
False. Breathing muscles change thoracic volume and pressure drives airflow.
True or false, and why? “Gas diffuses from the atmosphere all the way into the lungs.”
Reveal answer
False. Ventilation moves air in bulk; diffusion acts across exchange surfaces.
True or false, and why? “Quiet and forced exhalation use exactly the same muscles.”
Reveal answer
False. Forced exhalation recruits internal intercostal and abdominal muscles.