Name four things that affect a person’s daily energy needs.
Reveal answer
Age, activity level, pregnancy (and breastfeeding), and sex / body size.
Key words: age · activity · pregnancy
2(e) NUTRITION · RECALL
2.26 Energy requirements
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Why does an energy surplus lead to weight gain?
Reveal answer
Energy taken in > energy used → extra stored as fat → body mass rises.
Key words: stored as fat
What is meant by the term energy requirement?
Reveal answer
Energy needed to support metabolism, activity, growth and physiological state.
Key words: energy requirement
What is meant by the term basal metabolism?
Reveal answer
Minimum energy expenditure supporting essential functions at rest.
Key words: basal metabolism
What is meant by the term energy balance?
Reveal answer
Relationship between energy intake and expenditure over time.
Key words: energy balance
What is meant by the term kilojoule?
Reveal answer
A unit of energy equal to 1000 joules.
Key words: kilojoule
Factors affecting requirements: for Greater activity, give the likely effect and the biological reason.
Reveal answer
Likely effect: Higher requirement. Biological reason: More muscle contraction and respiration.
Key words: Greater activity
Factors affecting requirements: for Rapid growth, give the likely effect and the biological reason.
Reveal answer
Likely effect: Higher requirement. Biological reason: Synthesis of new cells and tissues.
Key words: Rapid growth
Factors affecting requirements: for Older age on average, give the likely effect and the biological reason.
Reveal answer
Likely effect: May lower requirement. Biological reason: Often less growth, muscle mass or activity.
Key words: Older age on average
Factors affecting requirements: for Pregnancy, give the likely effect and the biological reason.
Reveal answer
Likely effect: Requirement increases. Biological reason: Growth of fetal/maternal tissues and altered metabolism.
Key words: Pregnancy
Factors affecting requirements: for Cold environment, give the likely effect and the biological reason.
Reveal answer
Likely effect: May raise requirement. Biological reason: More energy used in thermoregulation.
Key words: Cold environment
True or false, and why? “Everyone of the same age needs the same energy intake.”
Reveal answer
False. Body size, activity, health and physiology differ.
True or false, and why? “Older people never need much energy.”
Reveal answer
False. Needs vary greatly and can remain high with activity or illness.
True or false, and why? “Pregnancy requires double the energy intake.”
Reveal answer
False. Requirement rises, but not by a simple doubling.
True or false, and why? “One high-energy meal immediately causes lasting fat gain.”
Reveal answer
False. Longer-term energy balance and many physiological factors determine body stores.