List the seven components of a balanced diet.
Reveal answer
Carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water.
Key words: carbohydrate · protein · fibre · water
2(e) NUTRITION · RECALL
2.24 A balanced diet
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Is malnutrition only about eating too little?
Reveal answer
No. Malnutrition means an unbalanced diet, which can be too little, too much or the wrong proportions.
Key words: unbalanced
What is meant by the term balanced diet?
Reveal answer
A diet supplying all required components in proportions appropriate to the individual.
Key words: balanced diet
What is meant by the term macronutrient?
Reveal answer
A nutrient needed in relatively large amounts.
Key words: macronutrient
What is meant by the term micronutrient?
Reveal answer
A vitamin or mineral needed in small amounts.
Key words: micronutrient
What is meant by the term dietary fibre?
Reveal answer
Largely indigestible plant material that supports gut function.
Key words: dietary fibre
What is meant by the term deficiency?
Reveal answer
Insufficient supply of a required nutrient.
Key words: deficiency
Components of dietary balance, Carbohydrate. Broad role? Risk of sustained imbalance?
Reveal answer
Broad role: Respiratory substrate. Risk of sustained imbalance: Low intake may reduce available fuel; excess energy intake may be stored.
Key words: Carbohydrate
Components of dietary balance, Protein. Broad role? Risk of sustained imbalance?
Reveal answer
Broad role: Amino acids for growth and repair. Risk of sustained imbalance: Deficiency impairs tissue maintenance.
Key words: Protein
Components of dietary balance, Lipid. Broad role? Risk of sustained imbalance?
Reveal answer
Broad role: Energy store, insulation and membranes. Risk of sustained imbalance: Deficiency and excess both have health consequences.
Key words: Lipid
Components of dietary balance, Vitamins and minerals. Broad role? Risk of sustained imbalance?
Reveal answer
Broad role: Specific metabolic and structural roles. Risk of sustained imbalance: Characteristic deficiency disorders.
Key words: Vitamins and minerals
Components of dietary balance, Water. Broad role? Risk of sustained imbalance?
Reveal answer
Broad role: Solvent, transport and temperature control. Risk of sustained imbalance: Dehydration disrupts cell and organ function.
Key words: Water
Components of dietary balance, Fibre. Broad role? Risk of sustained imbalance?
Reveal answer
Broad role: Supports gut movement and stool formation. Risk of sustained imbalance: Low intake can contribute to constipation.
Key words: Fibre
True or false, and why? “Balanced means equal portions of every food group.”
Reveal answer
False. Requirements and energy densities differ, so suitable proportions are unequal.
True or false, and why? “All fats are unnecessary.”
Reveal answer
False. Lipids are required for membranes, energy storage and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
True or false, and why? “Fibre is absorbed as glucose.”
Reveal answer
False. Most dietary fibre resists digestion by human enzymes.
True or false, and why? “One food can make a whole diet healthy or unhealthy.”
Reveal answer
False. Health effects depend on pattern, amount, frequency and individual need.