What is meant by the term cell membrane?
Reveal answer
The selectively permeable boundary surrounding the cell contents.
Key words: cell membrane
2(b) CELL STRUCTURE · RECALL
2.2 Cell structures
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What is meant by the term cytoplasm?
Reveal answer
The cell material where many enzyme-controlled reactions occur.
Key words: cytoplasm
What is meant by the term nucleus?
Reveal answer
An organelle containing most of a eukaryotic cell’s genetic material.
Key words: nucleus
What is meant by the term mitochondrion?
Reveal answer
An organelle where aerobic respiration releases energy.
Key words: mitochondrion
What is meant by the term ribosome?
Reveal answer
A small structure where proteins are synthesised.
Key words: ribosome
What is meant by the term cell wall?
Reveal answer
A freely permeable cellulose layer that supports a plant cell.
Key words: cell wall
What is meant by the term permanent vacuole?
Reveal answer
A membrane-bound compartment containing cell sap in a mature plant cell.
Key words: permanent vacuole
What is meant by the term chloroplast?
Reveal answer
An organelle containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis occurs.
Key words: chloroplast
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Cell membrane, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Thin boundary around the cytoplasm. Caution: In a plant cell it lies just inside the cell wall.
Key words: Cell membrane
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Nucleus, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Often a large rounded organelle. Caution: Position varies and some specialised cells lack one.
Key words: Nucleus
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Mitochondrion, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Small oval or bean-shaped organelle. Caution: Usually many are present; not individually visible at low resolution.
Key words: Mitochondrion
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Ribosome, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Shown as tiny dots in diagrams. Caution: Too small to resolve with a school light microscope.
Key words: Ribosome
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Cell wall, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Rigid outer boundary of a plant cell. Caution: It is outside, and separate from, the membrane.
Key words: Cell wall
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Permanent vacuole, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Large fluid-filled compartment. Caution: Its membrane is the tonoplast, usually beyond this specification.
Key words: Permanent vacuole
Use position and boundaries as identification clues: for Chloroplast, give the useful visual clue and the caution.
Reveal answer
Useful visual clue: Oval organelle, often drawn green. Caution: Found in photosynthetic cells, not every plant cell.
Key words: Chloroplast
True or false, and why? “The cell wall replaces the cell membrane in plants.”
Reveal answer
False. Plant cells have both: the membrane controls exchange and the wall provides support.
True or false, and why? “All plant cells contain chloroplasts.”
Reveal answer
False. Only photosynthetic plant cells require chloroplasts; most root cells do not contain them.
True or false, and why? “Cells and organelles naturally have textbook colours.”
Reveal answer
False. Most are colourless; stains and false colour increase contrast.
True or false, and why? “The vacuole is an empty gap.”
Reveal answer
False. It is a membrane-bound compartment filled with cell sap.