Why clone transgenic animals?
Reveal answer
Making one is hard → clone many with the gene.
Key words: clone
6(d) CLONING · RECALL
6.20B Cloned transgenic animals and human proteins
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What is meant by the term transgenic animal?
Reveal answer
An animal containing a gene from a different species.
Key words: transgenic animal
What is meant by the term mammary glands?
Reveal answer
Glands that produce milk.
Key words: mammary glands
What is meant by the term human protein?
Reveal answer
A protein coded for by a human gene, used for example as a medicine.
Key words: human protein
Producing human proteins: for Where protein is made, give the gm bacteria and the cloned transgenic animals.
Reveal answer
GM bacteria: In bacterial cells in a fermenter. Cloned transgenic animals: In milk from mammary glands.
Key words: Where protein is made
Producing human proteins: for Suitable proteins, give the gm bacteria and the cloned transgenic animals.
Reveal answer
GM bacteria: Simpler proteins such as insulin. Cloned transgenic animals: More complex human proteins.
Key words: Suitable proteins
Producing human proteins: for Main concern, give the gm bacteria and the cloned transgenic animals.
Reveal answer
GM bacteria: Contamination and purification. Cloned transgenic animals: Animal welfare and low success rates.
Key words: Main concern
True or false, and why? “Drinking the milk gives the medicine.”
Reveal answer
False. The protein is extracted and purified before use.
True or false, and why? “Offspring from normal breeding all inherit the gene.”
Reveal answer
False. Sexual reproduction may pass it to only some offspring; cloning copies it to all.
True or false, and why? “The animal becomes partly human.”
Reveal answer
False. It is a sheep or goat containing one human gene.
Outline how a cloned transgenic animal that makes a human protein is produced.
Reveal answer
Human gene inserted into an early embryo → transgenic animal makes the protein in its milk → copies made by cloning (nuclear transfer).
Key words: cloning
Name a human protein produced in the milk of transgenic animals.
Reveal answer
Antithrombin (goats) or alpha-1-antitrypsin (sheep).
Key words: antithrombin
Why are transgenic animals made to release the human protein in their milk?
Reveal answer
Milk is easy to collect without harming the animal, and the protein can be extracted from it.
Key words: collect
Why are some human proteins made in animals rather than in bacteria?
Reveal answer
Complex proteins need mammal cells to be made and folded correctly.
Key words: mammal cells
What was special about the sheep Polly, born in 1997?
Reveal answer
She was a cloned transgenic sheep carrying a human gene for a blood-clotting protein (factor IX).
Key words: cloned transgenic