What is a genotype?
Reveal answer
The alleles an organism has.
Key words: alleles
4(b) INHERITANCE · RECALL
4.20 Genetic terms
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What is a phenotype?
Reveal answer
The characteristics shown.
Key words: characteristics
What does homozygous mean?
Reveal answer
Two identical alleles.
Key words: identical
What does heterozygous mean?
Reveal answer
Two different alleles.
Key words: different
How do you find if a dominant phenotype is TT or Tt?
Reveal answer
Test cross with tt → any recessive offspring → Tt.
Key words: test cross
What is meant by the term dominant?
Reveal answer
Allele expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote in a stated inheritance model.
Key words: dominant
What is meant by the term recessive?
Reveal answer
Allele whose effect is masked by a dominant allele in a heterozygote.
Key words: recessive
What is meant by the term homozygous?
Reveal answer
Having two identical alleles at a locus.
Key words: homozygous
What is meant by the term heterozygous?
Reveal answer
Having two different alleles at a locus.
Key words: heterozygous
Core genetic terms, Dominant allele. Meaning? Example?
Reveal answer
Meaning: Expressed in heterozygote. Example: A in Aa.
Key words: Dominant allele
Core genetic terms, Recessive allele. Meaning? Example?
Reveal answer
Meaning: Masked by dominant allele in heterozygote. Example: a in Aa.
Key words: Recessive allele
Core genetic terms, Homozygous dominant. Meaning? Example?
Reveal answer
Meaning: Two dominant alleles. Example: AA.
Key words: Homozygous dominant
Core genetic terms, Heterozygous. Meaning? Example?
Reveal answer
Meaning: Two different alleles. Example: Aa.
Key words: Heterozygous
Core genetic terms, Homozygous recessive. Meaning? Example?
Reveal answer
Meaning: Two recessive alleles. Example: aa.
Key words: Homozygous recessive
Core genetic terms, Phenotype. Meaning? Example?
Reveal answer
Meaning: Observed/measured characteristic. Example: Shows dominant trait.
Key words: Phenotype
True or false, and why? “Dominant alleles are always common.”
Reveal answer
False. Dominance and population frequency are independent.
True or false, and why? “A carrier has no recessive allele.”
Reveal answer
False. A heterozygous carrier has one recessive allele but does not show the simple recessive phenotype.
True or false, and why? “Phenotype always reveals exact genotype.”
Reveal answer
False. A dominant phenotype may have AA or Aa genotype.