What is a genome?
Reveal answer
All the genetic material of an organism.
Key words: all
4(b) INHERITANCE · RECALL
4.14 Genome and gene
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What is meant by the term genome?
Reveal answer
Complete genetic material of an organism.
Key words: genome
What is meant by the term gene?
Reveal answer
DNA sequence that contributes to a functional RNA or protein product.
Key words: gene
What is meant by the term non-coding DNA?
Reveal answer
DNA not translated into protein; it may have regulatory or other functions.
Key words: non-coding DNA
Levels of genetic information: for Genome, give the scale and the meaning.
Reveal answer
Scale: All genetic material. Meaning: Complete DNA complement of an organism/cell.
Key words: Genome
Levels of genetic information: for Chromosome, give the scale and the meaning.
Reveal answer
Scale: One long DNA molecule plus proteins. Meaning: Carries many genes.
Key words: Chromosome
Levels of genetic information: for Gene, give the scale and the meaning.
Reveal answer
Scale: Defined DNA sequence. Meaning: Produces a functional RNA or protein product.
Key words: Gene
Levels of genetic information: for Allele, give the scale and the meaning.
Reveal answer
Scale: Version of a gene. Meaning: Differs in DNA sequence.
Key words: Allele
Levels of genetic information: for Base, give the scale and the meaning.
Reveal answer
Scale: Single DNA unit component. Meaning: Contributes to encoded sequence.
Key words: Base
True or false, and why? “The genome is one gene controlling everything.”
Reveal answer
False. It contains many genes and non-coding sequences.
True or false, and why? “Every DNA sequence codes for a protein.”
Reveal answer
False. Many sequences are regulatory, structural or transcribed into functional RNA.
True or false, and why? “Different body cells contain completely different genes.”
Reveal answer
False. Most contain the same genome but express different genes.
What is a gene?
Reveal answer
A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
Key words: DNA · protein
How are a genome, chromosomes and genes related?
Reveal answer
Genome = all the DNA → packaged into chromosomes → each chromosome carries many genes.
Key words: chromosomes · genes
Where is the genome found in a human body cell?
Reveal answer
In the nucleus, on the chromosomes.
Key words: nucleus