Order the parts of a nervous pathway.
Reveal answer
- receptor
- sensory neurone
- relay neurone
- motor neurone
- effector
Key words: sensory · motor
3(j) CO-ORDINATION AND RESPONSE · RECALL
3.38 Impulses and rapid responses
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What insulates neurones and speeds impulses?
Reveal answer
The myelin sheath.
Key words: myelin
How is reaction time measured with a ruler?
Reveal answer
Ruler dropped → distance fallen before catch → convert to time.
Key words: distance
Which neurone carries impulses to effectors?
Reveal answer
Motor neurone.
Key words: motor
What is meant by the term electrical impulse?
Reveal answer
Rapid propagated change in membrane potential along a neurone.
Key words: electrical impulse
What is meant by the term axon?
Reveal answer
Long neurone process conducting impulses away from the cell body.
Key words: axon
What is meant by the term myelin sheath?
Reveal answer
Insulating covering that increases conduction speed along many axons.
Key words: myelin sheath
Stages of a rapid response: for Receptor, give the signal/event and the outcome.
Reveal answer
Signal/event: Stimulus transduced into electrical activity. Outcome: Sensory impulse begins.
Key words: Receptor
Stages of a rapid response: for Sensory neurone, give the signal/event and the outcome.
Reveal answer
Signal/event: Electrical impulse toward CNS. Outcome: Information arrives centrally.
Key words: Sensory neurone
Stages of a rapid response: for CNS/synapse, give the signal/event and the outcome.
Reveal answer
Signal/event: Chemical transmission then new impulse. Outcome: Pathway is integrated.
Key words: CNS/synapse
Stages of a rapid response: for Motor neurone, give the signal/event and the outcome.
Reveal answer
Signal/event: Electrical impulse away from CNS. Outcome: Effector is activated.
Key words: Motor neurone
Stages of a rapid response: for Effector, give the signal/event and the outcome.
Reveal answer
Signal/event: Muscle contraction or gland secretion. Outcome: Observable response.
Key words: Effector
True or false, and why? “Electricity flows through nerves exactly like current in a metal wire.”
Reveal answer
False. Impulses are propagated changes in ion movement across cell membranes.
True or false, and why? “Stronger stimuli make each impulse travel faster.”
Reveal answer
False. They usually increase impulse frequency/recruitment rather than greatly changing conduction speed.
True or false, and why? “All neurones are myelinated.”
Reveal answer
False. Myelination varies between neurone types and fibres.