What is meant by the term pulmonary circulation?
Reveal answer
Flow between heart and lungs.
Key words: pulmonary circulation
3(h) TRANSPORT · RECALL
3.19 The circulation system
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What is meant by the term systemic circulation?
Reveal answer
Flow between heart and body organs.
Key words: systemic circulation
What is meant by the term hepatic portal vein?
Reveal answer
Vessel carrying blood from gut to liver.
Key words: hepatic portal vein
What is meant by the term renal artery?
Reveal answer
Artery carrying blood from aorta to kidney.
Key words: renal artery
What is meant by the term double circulation?
Reveal answer
System in which blood passes through the heart twice per full circuit.
Key words: double circulation
Major circulation routes: for Pulmonary artery, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Heart → lungs. Typical blood feature: Deoxygenated, carbon-dioxide-rich.
Key words: Pulmonary artery
Major circulation routes: for Pulmonary vein, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Lungs → heart. Typical blood feature: Oxygenated.
Key words: Pulmonary vein
Major circulation routes: for Aorta, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Heart → systemic organs. Typical blood feature: Oxygenated at departure.
Key words: Aorta
Major circulation routes: for Vena cava, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Systemic organs → heart. Typical blood feature: Deoxygenated at return.
Key words: Vena cava
Major circulation routes: for Hepatic portal vein, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Gut → liver. Typical blood feature: Nutrient-rich after absorption.
Key words: Hepatic portal vein
Major circulation routes: for Hepatic artery/vein, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Aorta → liver / liver → vena cava. Typical blood feature: Oxygen supply / mixed drained blood.
Key words: Hepatic artery/vein
Major circulation routes: for Renal artery/vein, give the direction and the typical blood feature.
Reveal answer
Direction: Aorta → kidney / kidney → vena cava. Typical blood feature: Urea higher before kidney than after.
Key words: Renal artery/vein
True or false, and why? “All veins carry deoxygenated blood.”
Reveal answer
False. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood; direction defines veins.
True or false, and why? “The hepatic portal vein carries blood directly to the heart.”
Reveal answer
False. It carries gut blood to the liver first.
True or false, and why? “Renal veins contain no urea.”
Reveal answer
False. Kidneys remove some urea, not necessarily every molecule.