How does a vaccine give immunity?
Reveal answer
Antigens → lymphocytes make antibodies → memory cells made → fast large response on infection.
Key words: memory cells
3(h) TRANSPORT · RECALL
3.13B Vaccination and memory cells
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What is the faster, larger response on re-infection called?
Reveal answer
The secondary immune response.
Key words: secondary
What does a vaccine contain?
Reveal answer
Dead / weakened pathogen or its antigens.
Key words: antigens
Why are flu vaccines updated?
Reveal answer
Virus mutates → antigens change → old memory cells do not recognise it.
Key words: mutates · antigens
What is protection of unvaccinated people by a vaccinated majority called?
Reveal answer
Herd immunity.
Key words: herd
Why give a booster?
Reveal answer
More memory cells → bigger, faster secondary response → longer protection.
Key words: memory
What is meant by the term vaccination?
Reveal answer
Exposure to antigenic material to generate immune memory.
Key words: vaccination
What is meant by the term memory cell?
Reveal answer
Long-lived lymphocyte that responds rapidly to a previously encountered antigen.
Key words: memory cell
What is meant by the term primary response?
Reveal answer
First specific immune response to an antigen.
Key words: primary response
What is meant by the term secondary response?
Reveal answer
Faster, larger response after re-exposure.
Key words: secondary response
Primary and secondary responses: for First trigger, give the primary response and the secondary response.
Reveal answer
Primary response: Vaccine/infection antigen. Secondary response: Same antigen later.
Key words: First trigger
Primary and secondary responses: for Delay, give the primary response and the secondary response.
Reveal answer
Primary response: Longer. Secondary response: Shorter.
Key words: Delay
Primary and secondary responses: for Peak antibody, give the primary response and the secondary response.
Reveal answer
Primary response: Lower. Secondary response: Higher.
Key words: Peak antibody
Primary and secondary responses: for Duration, give the primary response and the secondary response.
Reveal answer
Primary response: Often shorter. Secondary response: Often longer.
Key words: Duration
Primary and secondary responses: for Key cell outcome, give the primary response and the secondary response.
Reveal answer
Primary response: Memory cells form. Secondary response: Memory cells rapidly proliferate.
Key words: Key cell outcome
True or false, and why? “Vaccines contain antibodies that remain forever.”
Reveal answer
False. They present antigen; the person’s immune system forms memory cells.
True or false, and why? “Vaccination guarantees no infection.”
Reveal answer
False. It reduces risk/severity but protection can be incomplete.
True or false, and why? “Memory cells make every antibody faster.”
Reveal answer
False. Their response is specific to recognised antigens.