Give four uses of the energy from respiration.
Reveal answer
Muscle contraction, active transport, making large molecules (e.g. proteins), keeping warm, cell division.
Key words: muscle · active transport · proteins
2(f) RESPIRATION · RECALL
2.35 ATP as an energy source for cells
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Do diffusion and osmosis use energy from respiration?
Reveal answer
No, they are passive. Active transport needs energy.
Key words: passive
What is ATP?
Reveal answer
Adenosine triphosphate: the molecule that carries energy from respiration to cell processes.
Key words: energy
What is meant by the term ATP hydrolysis?
Reveal answer
Reaction in which ATP and water form ADP and phosphate, releasing energy.
Key words: ATP hydrolysis
What is meant by the term phosphorylation?
Reveal answer
Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
Key words: phosphorylation
What is meant by the term energy coupling?
Reveal answer
Using energy released by one reaction to drive another.
Key words: energy coupling
What is meant by the term immediate energy carrier?
Reveal answer
A molecule that rapidly supplies energy for cellular work.
Key words: immediate energy carrier
ATP compared with long-term stores: for Main role, give the atp and the glycogen or lipid.
Reveal answer
ATP: Immediate energy supply. Glycogen or lipid: Longer-term chemical energy storage.
Key words: Main role
ATP compared with long-term stores: for Quantity held, give the atp and the glycogen or lipid.
Reveal answer
ATP: Small, rapidly turning over pool. Glycogen or lipid: Larger reserves.
Key words: Quantity held
ATP compared with long-term stores: for Use, give the atp and the glycogen or lipid.
Reveal answer
ATP: Hydrolysed directly to couple cellular work. Glycogen or lipid: Broken down through pathways that regenerate ATP.
Key words: Use
ATP compared with long-term stores: for Location, give the atp and the glycogen or lipid.
Reveal answer
ATP: Produced and used throughout active cells. Glycogen or lipid: Stored in specialised granules or droplets.
Key words: Location
True or false, and why? “ATP is stored in large amounts for future years.”
Reveal answer
False. ATP pools are small and continuously regenerated.
True or false, and why? “Breaking a bond alone releases usable energy.”
Reveal answer
False. Net energy transfer depends on bonds broken and formed across the complete reaction.
True or false, and why? “ATP is used only by muscle cells.”
Reveal answer
False. Nearly all living cells use ATP for multiple processes.
True or false, and why? “Glucose can replace ATP directly at a membrane pump.”
Reveal answer
False. Respiratory pathways release energy from glucose to make ATP, which couples to the pump.