What is respiration?
Reveal answer
A chemical process in all living cells that releases energy from glucose (as ATP).
Key words: energy · glucose · ATP
2(f) RESPIRATION · RECALL
2.34 Respiration and ATP
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Does respiration "make" energy?
Reveal answer
No. Energy cannot be made; respiration releases energy stored in glucose.
Key words: releases
What is meant by the term cellular respiration?
Reveal answer
Enzyme-controlled reactions that release energy from respiratory substrates.
Key words: cellular respiration
What is meant by the term ATP?
Reveal answer
Adenosine triphosphate, an immediate energy carrier in cells.
Key words: ATP
What is meant by the term ADP?
Reveal answer
Adenosine diphosphate, which can be phosphorylated to form ATP.
Key words: ADP
What is meant by the term respiratory substrate?
Reveal answer
A molecule whose oxidation releases energy during respiration.
Key words: respiratory substrate
What is meant by the term exothermic?
Reveal answer
Describes a process that transfers energy to its surroundings.
Key words: exothermic
Following the energy pathway: for Respiratory substrate, give the energy relationship and the biological significance.
Reveal answer
Energy relationship: Chemical energy is stored in molecules such as glucose. Biological significance: Provides the starting energy source.
Key words: Respiratory substrate
Following the energy pathway: for Respiratory reactions, give the energy relationship and the biological significance.
Reveal answer
Energy relationship: Energy is released in controlled steps. Biological significance: Avoids one uncontrolled transfer.
Key words: Respiratory reactions
Following the energy pathway: for ATP formation, give the energy relationship and the biological significance.
Reveal answer
Energy relationship: Energy couples ADP and phosphate. Biological significance: Produces an immediate energy carrier.
Key words: ATP formation
Following the energy pathway: for ATP hydrolysis, give the energy relationship and the biological significance.
Reveal answer
Energy relationship: Energy is released for cellular work. Biological significance: Powers reactions, movement and transport.
Key words: ATP hydrolysis
Following the energy pathway: for Heat transfer, give the energy relationship and the biological significance.
Reveal answer
Energy relationship: Some energy becomes less available for cellular work. Biological significance: Can contribute to body temperature.
Key words: Heat released
True or false, and why? “Respiration creates energy.”
Reveal answer
False. It releases energy from chemical stores, which is used to make ATP for cellular work or lost as heat.
True or false, and why? “All respiration occurs in mitochondria.”
Reveal answer
False. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm, and prokaryotes respire without mitochondria.
True or false, and why? “Plants respire only in darkness.”
Reveal answer
False. Living plant cells respire continuously.