What is meant by the term selectively permeable?
Reveal answer
Allowing some substances to cross more readily than others.
Key words: selectively permeable
2(b) CELL STRUCTURE · RECALL
2.3 Functions of cell structures
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What is meant by the term gene expression?
Reveal answer
Use of information in a gene to produce a functional product, usually a protein.
Key words: gene expression
What is meant by the term protein synthesis?
Reveal answer
The assembly of amino acids into proteins at ribosomes.
Key words: protein synthesis
What is meant by the term turgor?
Reveal answer
The firm condition created when cell contents press against a plant cell wall.
Key words: turgor
Structure, process and consequence, Cell membrane. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Controls exchange with the surroundings. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Internal conditions and transport become disrupted.
Key words: Cell membrane
Structure, process and consequence, Nucleus. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Stores genetic information used to control protein production. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Gene expression, repair and division are impaired.
Key words: Nucleus
Structure, process and consequence, Cytoplasm. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Contains enzymes for many metabolic reactions. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Many reactions slow or stop.
Key words: Cytoplasm
Structure, process and consequence, Mitochondria. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Site of aerobic respiration. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Less energy is released for cellular work.
Key words: Mitochondria
Structure, process and consequence, Ribosomes. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Site of protein synthesis. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Fewer enzymes and structural proteins are produced.
Key words: Ribosomes
Structure, process and consequence, Cell wall. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Supports the plant cell and resists osmotic expansion. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Cells lose shape and are more vulnerable to bursting.
Key words: Cell wall
Structure, process and consequence, Chloroplasts. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Absorb light and carry out photosynthesis. Likely consequence if severely impaired: Less glucose is produced in light.
Key words: Chloroplasts
Structure, process and consequence, Permanent vacuole. Main function? Likely consequence if severely impaired?
Reveal answer
Main function: Contains cell sap and helps maintain turgor. Likely consequence if severely impaired: The cell becomes flaccid and tissue support decreases.
Key words: Permanent vacuole
True or false, and why? “Mitochondria produce energy.”
Reveal answer
False. They release energy from respiratory substrates by aerobic respiration; energy is not created.
True or false, and why? “The cell wall controls what enters a plant cell.”
Reveal answer
False. The wall is freely permeable; the cell membrane controls exchange.
True or false, and why? “The nucleus physically tells each organelle what to do.”
Reveal answer
False. DNA contains genes whose expression determines proteins and influences cell activity.
True or false, and why? “A large organelle must be more important than a small one.”
Reveal answer
False. Importance depends on function; tiny ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis.