How do plants, animals and fungi store carbohydrate?
Reveal answer
Plants store starch (or sucrose); animals store glycogen; fungi may store glycogen.
Key words: starch · sucrose · glycogen
1(b) VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS · RECALL
1.2 Common features of plants, animals, fungi and protoctists
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Describe the body of a fungus such as Mucor.
Reveal answer
A mycelium made of thread-like hyphae, which contain many nuclei; the cell walls are made of chitin.
Key words: mycelium · hyphae · chitin
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
Reveal answer
Feeding by secreting digestive enzymes onto dead or decaying food outside the body and absorbing the soluble products.
Key words: extracellular · digestive enzymes · absorb
Give one example each of a plant, an animal, a fungus and a protoctist named in the specification.
Reveal answer
Plant: maize (a cereal) or peas / beans (a legume). Animal: humans or a housefly / mosquito. Fungus: Mucor or yeast. Protoctist: Amoeba, Chlorella or Plasmodium.
Key words: maize · housefly · Mucor · Chlorella
Why is Chlorella said to be more like a plant, and Amoeba more like an animal cell?
Reveal answer
Chlorella has chloroplasts and photosynthesises; Amoeba has no chloroplasts and no cell wall, and feeds on other organisms.
Key words: chloroplasts · cell wall
What is meant by the term eukaryote?
Reveal answer
An organism whose cells contain genetic material inside a membrane-bound nucleus.
Key words: eukaryote
What is meant by the term heterotroph?
Reveal answer
An organism that obtains organic nutrients from other organisms or their products.
Key words: heterotroph
What is meant by the term autotroph?
Reveal answer
An organism that manufactures organic nutrients from inorganic materials using an energy source.
Key words: autotroph
What is meant by the term saprotrophic nutrition?
Reveal answer
External digestion followed by absorption of soluble products.
Key words: saprotrophic nutrition
What is meant by the term hypha?
Reveal answer
A thread-like fungal structure; many hyphae form a mycelium.
Key words: hypha
What is meant by the term protoctist?
Reveal answer
A member of a diverse eukaryotic group represented here by Amoeba, Chlorella and Plasmodium.
Key words: protoctist
Four eukaryotic groups compared, Animals. Cell and body organisation? Nutrition, storage and examples?
Reveal answer
Cell and body organisation: Multicellular; no cell wall or chloroplasts. Nutrition, storage and examples: Heterotrophic; glycogen; human and housefly.
Key words: Animals
Four eukaryotic groups compared, Plants. Cell and body organisation? Nutrition, storage and examples?
Reveal answer
Cell and body organisation: Multicellular; cellulose walls; chloroplasts in photosynthetic tissues. Nutrition, storage and examples: Autotrophic; starch or sucrose; maize and pea.
Key words: Plants
Four eukaryotic groups compared, Fungi. Cell and body organisation? Nutrition, storage and examples?
Reveal answer
Cell and body organisation: Chitin walls; usually hyphae forming a mycelium; yeast is unicellular. Nutrition, storage and examples: Saprotrophic; glycogen; Mucor, yeast and Trichophyton.
Key words: Fungi
Four eukaryotic groups compared, Protoctists. Cell and body organisation? Nutrition, storage and examples?
Reveal answer
Cell and body organisation: Usually microscopic and single-celled; eukaryotic but varied. Nutrition, storage and examples: Autotrophic, heterotrophic or parasitic; Chlorella, Amoeba and Plasmodium.
Key words: Protoctists
True or false, and why? “Every cell in a plant has chloroplasts.”
Reveal answer
False. Only photosynthetic cells normally contain chloroplasts; most root cells do not.
True or false, and why? “Fungi are plants because they have cell walls.”
Reveal answer
False. Fungal walls contain chitin, fungi lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients heterotrophically.
True or false, and why? “All protoctists photosynthesise.”
Reveal answer
False. Chlorella photosynthesises, Amoeba ingests food and Plasmodium is parasitic.
True or false, and why? “All fungi are multicellular.”
Reveal answer
False. Many fungi form hyphae, but yeasts are unicellular fungi.